Rolling Stock

- ROSTER
- PHOTOS

Delaware & Hudson Railway
Complete Rolling Stock Roster

OutsideDoors
Nos.Type of CarAAR
Mech.
Desig.
Capy.
(000's
of lbs.)
LengthExtreme
Width
Height
from
Rail
WidthHeightQty.SourceNotes
51, 57Tank Car, Insulated D&H Color Guide
101-240Hopper, SteelHM20034'7"10'7"12' 134ORER 10/1970, p. 755
241-365Hopper, SteelHM20034'7"10'7"12' 122ORER 10/1970, p. 755
718, 722Hopper D&H Color Guide
1001-1200Hopper, Triple, SteelHT19050'7"10'7"11' 197ORER 10/1970, p. 755
1001-1151Hopper, SteelHT8533'3"10'1"9'9" 133ORER 1/1953, p. 179
1001-1151Hopper, Steel,
Steel Underframe
HT8533'3"10'1"9'9" 4ORER 1/1953, p. 179ORER, note J
1152-2250Hopper, SteelHT8533'3"10'1"9'9" 1,020ORER 1/1953, p. 179
1152-2250Hopper, Steel,
Steel Underframe
HT8533'3"10'1"9'9" 71ORER 1/1953, p. 179ORER, note G
1617, 1619Hopper D&H Color Guide
2251-2296Hopper, SteelHM8533'4"10'1"10'7" 45ORER 1/1953, p. 179
2300-2397Hopper, SteelHM10030'4"10'6"10'4" 78ORER 1/1953, p. 179
2300-2397Hopper, SteelHT8030'4"10'6"10'4" 20ORER 1/1953, p. 179
2389-2499Hopper, SteelHT8030'4"10'6"10'4" 99ORER 1/1953, p. 179
2500-2899Hopper, SteelHT10030'4"10'6"10'4" 365ORER 1/1953, p. 179
2500-2899Hopper, SteelHT8030'4"10'6"10'4" 33ORER 1/1953, p. 179
2900-2999Covered Hopper, SteelLO15437'9"10'2"13'1" 88ORER 10/1970, p. 755
2900-2999Covered Hopper, SteelLO14037'9"10'2"13'1" 8ORER 10/1970, p. 755ORER, note Z1
3000-3149Covered Hopper, SteelLO15437'9"10'2"13'4" 51ORER 10/1970, p. 755
3000-3149Covered Hopper, SteelLO14037'9"10'2"13'4" 6ORER 10/1970, p. 755ORER, note Z2
3150-3199Covered Hopper, SteelLO15437'9"10'5"13'1" 6ORER 10/1970, p. 755
3150-3199Covered Hopper, SteelLO14037'9"10'5"13'1" 2ORER 10/1970, p. 755ORER, note Z3
3201-3220Covered Hopper, SteelLO11033'11"10'5"11'11" 20ORER 1/1953, p. 179
3221-4200Hopper, SteelHM11033'11"10'5"11'3" 991ORER 1/1953, p. 179
3221-4200Hopper, SteelHM11033'11"10'5"11'3" 51ORER 1/1953, p. 179
3301-3325Covered Hopper, Steel 25D&H Color Guideex-EL 20025-20049
3350-3374Covered Hopper, Steel 25D&H Color Guideex-EL 20050-20074
3400-3474Covered Hopper, Steel 75D&H Color Guideex-EL 21400-21454
3600-3649Covered Hopper, Steel 50D&H Color Guideex-AC&F 79849-79898
4085Hopper, Triple, Steel 1D&H Color Guide
4201-4350Hopper, SteelHM10030'4"10'3"10'4" 139ORER 1/1953, p. 179
4201-4350Hopper, SteelHM8030'4"10'3"10'4" 10ORER 1/1953, p. 179
4401-4611Hopper, SteelHT11035'0"10'2"10'9" 209ORER 1/1953, p. 179
4651Hopper, SteelHM10029'0"10'5"11'4" 1ORER 1/1953, p. 179
4653-4699Hopper, SteelHT10033'6"10'1"10'9" 2ORER 1/1953, p. 179
4701-6100Hopper, SteelHM11034'10"10'5"10'5" 369ORER 10/1970, p. 755
4701-6100Hopper, SteelHM10034'10"10'5"10'5" 8ORER 10/1970, p. 755ORER, note V1
6101-7600Hopper, SteelHM11036'6"10'5"10'8" 393ORER 10/1970, p. 755
6101-7600Hopper, SteelHM10036'6"10'5"10'8" 13ORER 10/1970, p. 755ORER, note V2
7601-11799Hopper, Steel
Underframe
HM8534'2"10'1"10'4" 1,404ORER 1/1953, p. 179
8000-8059Flat, Pulpwood, SteelLP11045'10"9'3"12'4" 22ORER 10/1970, p. 755
8000-8059Flat, Pulpwood, SteelLP10045'10"9'3"12'4" 3ORER 10/1970, p. 755ORER, note V3
8141Hopper, Triple, Steel D&H Color Guide
8201-8204Flat, Bulkhead, Steel,
Chain Binders,
Cushion Underframe
FMS18069'8"10'3"14'11" 4ORER 10/1970, p. 755
8205-8210Flat, Bulkhead, Steel,
Chain Binders,
Cushion Underframe
FMS18069'6"10'2"14'11" 6ORER 10/1970, p. 755
9000-9199Hopper, Triple, SteelHT15444'2"10'7"11'0" 189ORER 10/1970, p. 755
9000-9199Hopper, Triple, SteelHT14044'2"10'7"11'0" 3ORER 10/1970, p. 755ORER, note Z4
9201-9323Hopper 123 D&H Color Guideex-EL 32875-32999
9401-9650HopperHM11036'6"10'5"10'8" 244ORER 10/1970, p. 755
9701-9775Hopper 75 D&H Color Guideex-RDG 41775-41849
12000-12099Covered Hopper, SteelLO15437'9"10'3"13'2" 90ORER 10/1970, p. 755
12000-12099Covered Hopper, SteelLO14037'9"10'3"13'2" 9ORER 10/1970, p. 755ORER, note Z5
12101-12200Covered Hopper, SteelLO20043'10"10'8"15'0" 100ORER 10/1970, p. 755
12301-12360Covered Hopper 60D&H Color Guide
12401Covered Hopper,
4-Bay
1D&H Color Guide
12501Covered Hopper,
Airslide
LO15441'11"10'7"14'5" 1ORER 10/1970, p. 755
12502Covered Hopper D&H Color Guide
12503Covered Hopper D&H Color Guide
12601-12605Covered Hopper, SteelLO20042'1"10'6"15'1" 5ORER 10/1970, p. 755
12701Covered Hopper D&H Color Guide
12705Covered Hopper D&H Color Guide
12801-12815Covered Hopper 15D&H Color Guideex-EL 45580-45602
12901-12903Covered Hopper 3D&H Color Guideex-LV 42803-42805
12904-12906Covered Hopper 3D&H Color Guideex-LV 42992-42999
12907-12910Covered Hopper 4D&H Color Guideex-LV 43001-43004
12925-12950Covered Hopper 26D&H Color Guideex-LV 55000-55020
13100-13299Gondola, All Steel,
Flat Bottom,
Fixed Ends
GB11045'8"10'4"6'10" 51ORER 10/1970, p. 755
13100-13299Gondola, All Steel,
Flat Bottom,
Fixed Ends
GB10045'8"10'4"6'10" 11ORER 10/1970, p. 755ORER, note V4
13300-13624Gondola, All Steel,
Flat Bottom,
Fixed Ends
GB11045'8"10'4"6'10" 118ORER 10/1970, p. 755
13300-13624Gondola, All Steel,
Flat Bottom,
Fixed Ends
GB10045'8"10'4"6'10" 22ORER 10/1970, p. 755ORER, note V5
13625-13699Gondola, Steel,
Flat Bottom, Drop
Ends, Wood Floor
GB11045'8"10'4"7'3" 67ORER 10/1970, p. 755
13625-13699Gondola, Steel,
Flat Bottom, Drop
Ends, Wood Floor
GB10045'8"10'4"7'3" 3ORER 10/1970, p. 755ORER, note V7
13700-13899Gondola, Steel,
Flat Bottom, Drop
Ends, Wood Floor
GB15457'2"10'7"7'0" 152ORER 10/1970, p. 755
13700-13899Gondola, Steel,
Flat Bottom, Drop
Ends, Wood Floor
GB14057'2"10'7"7'0" 21ORER 10/1970, p. 755ORER, note Z6
13700-13899Flat, Steel,
Wood Floor
FM5157'2"10'7"5'4" 25ORER 10/1970, p. 755ORER, note W
13901-14100Gondola, Steel
Underframe, Solid
Bottom, Wood Sides
& Floor
GB8534'11"9'10"9'4" 99ORER 1/1953, p. 179
13901-14100Gondola, Steel
Underframe, Solid
Bottom, Wood Sides
& Floor
GA434'11"9'10"9'4" 4ORER 1/1953, p. 179ORER, note A
13901-13903Gondola 3D&H Color Guideex-Monon
14001-14050Gondola 50D&H Color Guide
14101-14249Gondola 149D&H Color Guideex-EL 9850-9999
14300-14349Gondola 50D&H Color Guideex-EL 14700-14749
14400-14449Gondola 50D&H Color Guideex-EL 15600-15649
14501-14596Gondola 96D&H Color Guideex-LV 40000-40099
14700-14799Gondola 100D&H Color Guideex-EL 17900-17999
14101-14973Gondola, Steel
Underframe, Solid
Bottom, Wood Sides
& Floor
GB8534'11"10'2"9'4" 24ORER 1/1953, p. 179
14794-15000Gondola, Steel
Underframe, Solid
Bottom, Wood Sides
& Floor
GB8534'11"10'2"8'6" 2ORER 1/1953, p. 179
15000-15149Gondola 150D&H Color GuideBethlehem RailGon
15200-15249Gondola 50D&H Color GuideBethlehem RailGon
15001-15150Gondola, Steel
Underframe, Drop
Ends, Solid Bottom,
Wood Sides & Floor
GB8534'9"10'2"7'11" 3ORER 1/1953, p. 180
15151-15200Gondola, Steel
Underframe, Drop
Ends, Solid Bottom,
Wood Sides & Floor
GB8534'9"10'2"8'6" 2ORER 1/1953, p. 180
15286-15343Gondola, Steel
Underframe, Solid
Bottom, Wood Sides
& Floor
GB8534'9"10'2"9'0" 2ORER 1/1953, p. 180
15400-15599Gondola, All Steel,
Drop Ends
GB11045'8"10'3"7'0" 28ORER 10/1970, p. 755
15400-15599Gondola, All Steel,
Drop Ends
GB10045'8"10'3"7'0" 6ORER 10/1970, p. 755ORER, note V7
15600-15699Gondola, All Steel,
Flat Bottom, Fixed
Ends
GB11045'8"10'3"6'10" 9ORER 10/1970, p. 755
15600-15699Gondola, All Steel,
Flat Bottom, Fixed
Ends
GB10045'8"10'3"6'10" 5ORER 10/1970, p. 755ORER, note V8
15900-15914Container, All Steel,
Air Activated
LG14047'8"10'4"6'10" 15ORER 1/1953, p. 180ORER, note E
15950-15969Gondola, All SteelGB15450'2"10'4"6'10" 3ORER 10/1970, p. 755
15950-15969Gondola, All SteelGB14050'2"10'4"6'10" 1ORER 10/1970, p. 755ORER, note Z7
15950-15969Container, All Steel,
Air Activated
LG14047'8"10'4"6'10" 15ORER 1/1953, p. 180
16001-16150Flat, Steel UnderframeFM8534'9"10'4"6'11" 70ORER 1/1953, p. 180
16141-16144Flat D&H Color GuideBethlehem flat,
delivered 1970
16151, 16152Flat, Steel UnderframeFM25032'1"10'2"4'3" 2ORER 1/1953, p. 180
16153Flat, SteelFM50047'10"10'0"5'11" 1ORER 10/1970, p. 755ORER, note K
16154Flat, SteelFM49247'10"10'3"5'11" 1ORER 10/1970, p. 755ORER, note K
16155-16156Flat, SteelFM49747'11"10'5"5'11" 2ORER 10/1970, p. 755ORER, note K
16157Flat, SteelFM70060'6"10'0"6'11" 1ORER 10/1970, p. 755ORER, note U
16159Flat, Depressed
Center, Steel
FD24760'11"10'0"5'10" 1ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note DD
16160-16162Well Pocket, SteelFW18651'3"9'11"7'1" 3ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note DD
16163-16164Well Pocket, SteelFW17849'3"9'11"7'1" 2ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note L
16165-16167Well Pocket, SteelFW19049'0"10'2"5'4" 3ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note CC
16160-16161Well, SteelFW19640'3"9'11"7'1" 2ORER 1/1953, p. 180ORER, note D
16162-16164Well Pocket, SteelFW18640'3"9'11"7'1" 3ORER 1/1953, p. 180ORER, note H
16200Well Pocket, SteelFMS11056'8"10'6"5'3" 1ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note R
16201Well Pocket, SteelFMS15456'9"10'6"5'4" 1ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note R
16301TOFC D&H Color Guide
16250-16349Stock, Steel
Underframe
SM8036'1"9'8"13'9" 8ORER 1/1953, p. 180
16401-16413Flat53'0"140 13D&H Color Guideex-EL 8181-8199
16501-16552Flat 140 51D&H Color Guideex-RDG 9300-9356
16601-16605Flat 140 5D&H Color Guideex-RDG 9301, 9313,
9320, 9326, 9340
16601-16610Refrigerator Car, Steel
Underframe
RS8037'1"9'9"14'0"5'0'6'0'1ORER 1/1953, p. 179ORER, note N
16850-16890Refrigerator Car, Steel
Underframe
XI8037'1"9'9"14'0"4'0'6'0'10ORER 1/1953, p. 179ORER, notes B, P
16900-16929Cement Hopper,
Steel Frame
LO10042'2"9'10"14'1" 30ORER 1/1953, p. 180
17001-17500Boxcar, Steel FrameXM10042'2"9'10"13'9"6'0"8'7"451ORER 1/1953, p. 180
17501-17600Boxcar, Steel FrameXM8042'3"10'0"13'4"6'0"7'11"100ORER 1/1953, p. 180
17601-17625Boxcar, Steel
Sheathed
XM8042'2"10'0"13'8"6'0"8'5"24ORER 1/1953, p. 180
17626-17725Boxcar, Steel
Sheathed
XM8041'9"10'0"13'10"6'0"8'8"99ORER 1/1953, p. 180
17601-17666Boxcar, SteelXF 67D&H Color Guide
17775-17799Boxcar, SteelXM11044'6"10'5"14'10"6'0"9'8"16ORER 10/1970, p. 756
17775-17799Boxcar, SteelXM10044'6"10'5"14'10"6'0"9'8"2ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note V9
17800-18049Boxcar, SteelXM8844'3"10'4"14'6"6'0"9'4"155ORER 10/1970, p. 756
17800-18049Boxcar, SteelXM8044'3"10'4"14'6"6'0"9'4"15ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note G
18100-18399Boxcar, SteelXM11044'3"10'4"15'0"6'0"9'11"254ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, see exceptions
18100-18399Boxcar, SteelXM10044'3"10'4"15'0"6'0"9'11"12ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note V10
18121, 18239,
18143, 18371
Boxcar, SteelXL11044'3"10'4"15'0"6'0"9'11"4ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, exceptions
18400-19899Boxcar, SteelXM11044'4"10'4"15'0"6'0"9'10"1,306ORER 10/1970, p. 756
18400-19899Boxcar, SteelXM10044'4"10'4"15'0"6'0"9'10"96ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note V11
19900-20899Boxcar, Steel
Underframe
XM6038'0"9'11"14'0"6'0"7'7"8ORER 1/1953, p. 180
20000-20249Boxcar, SteelXM11044'4"10'6"15'0"8'0"9'9"209ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, see exceptions
20000-20249Boxcar, SteelXM10044'4"10'6"15'0"8'0"9'9"28ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, exceptions,
note V12
20212-20228Boxcar, SteelXM10044'4"10'6"15'0"8'0"9'9"2ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, exceptions,
note E
20900-20999Boxcar, Steel
Underframe
XM6038'0"9'11"14'0"8'0"7'7"2ORER 1/1953, p. 180
21000-22499Boxcar, Steel
Underframe
XM6038'0"9'11"14'0"6'0"7'7"17ORER 1/1953, p. 180
22000-22299Boxcar, SteelXM11054'4"10'6"15'0"8'0"9'9"205ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, see exceptions
22000-22299Boxcar, SteelXM10054'4"10'6"15'0"8'0"9'9"26ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note V13
22062, 22192Boxcar, SteelXL11054'4"10'6"15'0"8'0"9'9"2ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, exceptions,
note E
22132Boxcar, SteelXL11054'4"10'6"15'0"8'0"9'9"1ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, exceptions,
note C
22174Boxcar, SteelXL11054'4"10'6"15'0"8'0"9'9"1ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, exceptions,
note C
22243Boxcar, SteelXL11054'4"10'6"15'0"8'0"9'9"1ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, exceptions,
note C
22170Boxcar, SteelXL11054'4"10'6"15'0"8'0"9'9"1ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, exceptions,
note H
22501-23201Boxcar, Steel
Underframe
XM8038'0"9'11"14'0"6'0"7'7"180ORER 1/1953, p. 180
22501-23201Boxcar, Steel
Underframe
XM8038'0"9'11"14'0"6'0"7'7"21ORER 1/1953, p. 180ORER, note L
23202-24099Boxcar, Steel
Underframe
XM8038'0"9'11"14'0"6'0"7'7"304ORER 1/1953, p. 180
24001-24150Boxcar, Steel 150D&H Color Guidewaffle side panels
24201-24297Boxcar, Steel 97D&H Color Guideex-EL cars built with
plug & slide doors
24301-24330Boxcar, Steel 30D&H Color Guideex-EL 69150-69179
24401-24547Boxcar, Steel 48D&H Color Guideex-RDG 18600-18749
24548-24597Boxcar, Steel 50D&H Color Guideex-RDG 18750-18799
24598-24627Boxcar, Steel 30D&H Color Guideex-RDG 18800-18829
24657-24696Boxcar, Steel 10D&H Color Guideex-RDG 18860-18869
25000-25009Boxcar, SteelXAP10051'9"10'7"14'8"12'0"8'6"10ORER 1/1953, p. 180
25018Boxcar, SteelXL11054'4"10'6"15'0"8'0"9'9"1ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note C
25019Boxcar, SteelXL11054'4"10'6"15'0"8'0"9'9"1ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note C
25020Boxcar, SteelXAP10051'9"10'5"14'10"6'0"9'8"1ORER 10/1970, p. 756
25021Boxcar, SteelXL10054'4"10'6"15'0"8'0"9'9"1ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note C
25022Boxcar, SteelXL11054'4"10'8"15'0"15'0"9'10"1ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note N
25025-25036Boxcar, Steel D&H Color GuideBerwick rebuilds
25050-25083Boxcar, Steel D&H Color Guideex-PRR cars
25300-25364Boxcar, Steel D&H Color Guide
25700-25774Boxcar, Steel D&H Color Guide
26001-26040Boxcar, Steel,
Cushion Underframe
XL14758'9"10'8"15'1"10'0"9'10"36ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note S
26001-26040Boxcar, Steel,
Cushion Underframe
XL14058'9"10'8"15'1"10'0"9'10"3ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, notes B, S
26041-26060Boxcar, Steel,
Cushion Underframe
XL14760'5"10'8"15'1"10'0"9'10"20ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note Y
26061-26080Boxcar, Steel,
Cushion Underframe
XL15060'5"10'8"14'11"10'0"9'10"20ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note Y
26081-26130Boxcar, Steel,
Cushion Underframe
XL15258'4"10'8"14'11"10'0"9'10"50ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note Y
26200-26249Boxcar, Steel D&H Color Guide
27001-27075Boxcar, Steel,
Cushion Underframe
XM15060'5"10'8"15'1"10'0"9'10"60ORER 10/1970, p. 756
27001-27075Boxcar, Steel,
Cushion Underframe
XM14060'5"10'8"15'1"10'0"9'10"11ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note Z8
27076-27110Boxcar, Steel,
Cushion Underframe
XM15058'9"10'8"15'1"10'0"9'10"25ORER 10/1970, p. 756
27076-27110Boxcar, Steel,
Cushion Underframe
XM14058'9"10'8"15'1"10'0"9'10"210ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note Z9
27200-27347Boxcar, Steel D&H Color Guide
28001-28005Boxcar, "Equipo"
Load Dividers,
Cushion Underframe
RBL13957'8"10'8"15'1"10'0"9'3"5ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, notes T, BB
28006-28046Boxcar, "Evans"
Load Dividers,
Cushion Underframe
RBL13957'8"10'8"15'1"10'0"9'3"39ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, notes T, BB
28061, 28062Boxcar, Steel 2D&H Color Guideex-SOU cars
28070, 28071Boxcar, Double Door 2D&H Color Guideex-SOU cars
28070-28075Boxcar, All Door 6D&H Color Guide
28101-28153Boxcar, Plug Door 53D&H Color Guideex-EL 68300-68353
28200-28248Boxcar, Plug Door 49D&H Color Guideex-EL 69200-69249
28300-28336Boxcar, Plug Door 37D&H Color Guideex-RDG 17200-17249
28400-28448Boxcar, Plug Door 49D&H Color Guideex-RDG 17250-17299
29001-29330Boxcar, Steel,
Cushion Underframe
XL15060'5"10'8"15'1"10'0"9'10"326ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note M
29331-29510Boxcar, Steel,
Cushion Underframe
XL15060'5"10'8"14'11"10'0"9'10"178ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note M
29511-29660Boxcar, Steel,
Cushion Underframe
XL15258'4"10'8"14'11"10'0"9'10"148ORER 10/1970, p. 756ORER, note M
50000-50199Boxcar, Steel 167D&H Color Guide"I Love NY" paint

Extra Heavyweight Flat Car #16157 is shown with part of its load of RSJ beams still loaded at The Port of Albany, NY, date unknown. Photo from the Jim Odell collection, used by permission.

This photo of D&H #24413 is obviously of Reading heritage inherited in 1976. What's amazing is this picture was taken 18 years later! On March 19, 1994, Ken Walton captured it on film making the trek up Conrail's River Line at Newburgh, NY in ALSE. Used by permission.

On 'Conveyance Day,' the D&H inherited 295 50ft steel 'XL' box cars (numbered 24401 - 24696) from the Reading Railroad. Most of these box cars retained the Reading green paint, while the RDG reporting marks were painted out with a light green paint and the D&H marks applied over them. Photo from the Jim Odell collection, used by permission.

Some had the 'READING' name painted out, some had a D&H shield applied, and some were left unchanged, except for the reporting marks. Photo from the Jim Odell collection, used by permission.

Eventually, some of the ex-RDG cars were painted into the D&H Yellow and blue 'T' scheme. Photo from the Jim Odell collection, used by permission.

Under the Guilford reign, most of D&H's locomotives were repainted into the Grey and Orange scheme, or into the MEC Orange scheme, but only one D&H box car was ever painted in the 'Big G' scheme. 27073 is shown in pristine condition at Saratoga Springs in March 1983. Photo from a Bill Mischler 35mm slide, used by permission.

150 50000 class 'I Love NY" Box Cars were made by Pullman Standard in the early 1980s, and were jointly owned/leased by the New York Department of Transport (NYDOT) and the D&H. 50000 is shown on a cold January day in 1982 at Erie St. yard, Albany, NY. Photo from a Bill Mischler 35mm slide, used by permission.